• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    ROLLING TOOL Roughing tool (100) to produce a rotationally symmetrical periodic structure on a workpiece using a mechanical roughing method. The grinding tool (100) comprises a base body (110) comprising a central axis of rotation (R1) and a plurality of z receiving openings, where z is a positive integer, as well as a plurality of n cut bars (12), where n is a positive integer less than or equal to z. Each of the receiving openings has an elongated shape having a longitudinal axis, and all of the receiving openings are arranged uniformly around the central axis of rotation (R1). The longitudinal axes of the reception openings generate a hyperboloid of rotation, which is arranged rotationally symmetrical to the central axis of rotation (R1).
    公开号:BR102012010684B1
    申请号:R102012010684-1
    申请日:2012-05-04
    公开日:2021-02-17
    发明作者:Hartmuth Marx；Olaf Vogel；Martin Zagromski
    申请人:Klingelnberg Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [001] The invention relates to a grinding tool with cutting bars. The roughing tool is designed to manufacture a periodically rotationally symmetrical structure on a workpiece using a roughing method. Basics of the invention and state of the art
    [0002] [002] There are several methods for manufacturing gear wheels. In soft pre-machining for cutting chips, you can differentiate between milling, gear shaping, planing and generation roughing (also called electrical roughing). Milling and roughing are the so-called continuous methods, as will be explained in more detail below.
    [0003] [003] In the manufacture of gear wheels by cutting chips, it is possible to distinguish the intermittent indexing process (also called single indexing process) from the continuous method, which is, in part, also called continuous indexing process or milling of surface.
    [0004] [004] In a continuous method, for example, a tool comprising the corresponding cutters is applied to cut the flanks of a workpiece. The workpiece is cut and finished and continuously, that is, with an uninterrupted method, in a clamping device. The continuous method is based on sequences of complex coupled movements, in which the tool and the workpiece that is manufactured perform a continuous indexing movement in relation to each other. The indexing movements result from the activation, coupled and coordinated, respectively, of several axis drives of a corresponding machine.
    [0005] [005] In a single indexing process, the gap of a tooth is manufactured, so, for example, in a relative movement of the tool and a so-called indexing movement (indexing rotation), in which the workpiece rotates in relation to the tool and is carried out before a next tooth gap is manufactured. A gear wheel is thus manufactured step by step.
    [0006] [006] The mentioned gear shaping method can initially be described or represented by a cylindrical gear transmission system, since the intersection angle (also called the axis intersection angle), between the axis of rotation R1 , of the modeling tool 1, and the rotation axis R2, of the workpiece 2, adds zero degrees, as schematically represented in Fig.1. The two angles of rotation R1 and R2 run parallel to each other, when the angle of intersection of the axes adds up to zero degrees. Workpiece 2 and the modeling tool continuously rotate around their axes of rotation, respectively, R2 and R1. In addition to the rotational movement, the modeling tool 1 performs a stroke movement, which is represented here by a double arrow Shx in Fig.1, and which removes the chips from the workpiece 2 during this stroke movement.
    [0007] [007] Some time ago, a method emerged, which is called thinning. The grounds are approximately 100 years old. A first patent application, having the number DE 243514 dealing with this matter dates from the year 1912. After the initial considerations and investigations of the initial years, the thinning was no longer seriously examined. Until then, complex processes, which were partially empirical, were necessary to find a suitable geometry for the thinning method.
    [0008] [008] In the mid-1980s, thinning was resumed again. However, it was only with the current simulation methods and modern CNC control machines that the roughing principles could be implemented through a robust method that can be reproduced productively. The great wear resistance of the current tool materials has also emerged, as well as the enormous static and dynamic rigidity and high performance of a synchronous operation of modern machines.
    [0009] [009] As shown in figure 2, during roughing, an angle of intersection of the axes Σ, between the rotation axes R1 of the roughing tool 10 (also known as the roughing wheel) and the rotation axis R2 of the workpiece 20 , are predetermined; angles that are different from zero. The resulting movement, between the roughing tool 10 and the workpiece 20, is a helical movement, which can be decomposed into a rotating portion (rotating portion) and an advancing portion (translating portion). The transmission of a helical generation type gear can be considered an analogue of the related drive technology, in which the rotating portion corresponds to the roll and the translating portion corresponds to the sliding of the flanks. The greater the absolute value of the intersection angle of the axes Σ, the more the translation portion that is required for the manufacture of the workpiece 20 increases. It mainly effects a component of the movement of the cutting edges of the roughing tool 10, in the direction of the flanks of the teeth of the workpiece 20. Thus, when roughing, the sliding portion of the relative combined movement of the gear wheels, in engagement, in the transmission of the equivalent helical gear, is used to perform the cutting movement . Only a slow axial feed is required for mechanical roughing and the so-called thrust movement, which is typical in gear shaping, is then dispensed with. In this way, a reverse stroke does not occur during mechanical roughing.
    [0010] [0010] The cutting speed during roughing is directly influenced by the rotation speed of the roughing tool 10 in relation to the workpiece 20, and by the intersection angle of the Σ axes used by the rotation axes R1 and R2. The angle of intersection Σ, and thus the sliding portion, must be selected so that, for machining the material, an optimum cutting speed is achieved, for a given rotation speed.
    [0011] [0011] The roughing cannot be used for the machining of external teeth, as shown, for example, in figure 2. In particular in the manufacture of internal teeth, the roughing is significantly more productive than the modeling by gear or countersinking that it has been used until today.
    [0012] [0012] The roughing can be used both in the pre-formation of teeth before the thermal treatment of the workpiece 20, as well as in the dentition finish after the thermal treatment. That is, the roughing is suitable for smooth machining and for hard (fine) machining.
    [0013] [0013] The movement sequences and other details of an established roughing method can be seen in the schematic representation of figure 2, already mentioned. Figure 2 shows the roughing of external teeth on a cylindrical workpiece 20. Workpiece 20 and tool 10 (here, a cylindrical grinding tool 10) rotate in opposite directions.
    [0014] [0014] Other relative movements arise additionally. A Sax axial feed is required to be able to machine the entire toothing width of workpiece 20 with tool 10. If helical toothing is desired on workpiece 20 (ie β2 ≠ 0), a differential feed speed SD is superimposed on the Sax axial feed. A radial feed Srad can be performed as an alignment move. The radial feed Srad can be used to influence the toothing convexity of the workpiece 20.
    [0015] [0015] In roughing, the cutting speed vector (̄ ̄vc) results essentially as a difference between the two speed vectors v1 and v2 of the rotation axes R1, R2, tool 10 and workpiece 20, whose vectors velocities are inclined, in relation to each other, by the angle of intersection Σ. The symbol v0 is the speed vector at the periphery of the tool and v2 is the speed vector at the periphery of the workpiece 20. The cutting speed vc of the roughing process can thus be modified by the angle of intersection Σ and the speed of rotation on the equivalent helical gear. The Sax axial feed has only a small influence on the cutting speed vc, which can be neglected, and thus is not shown in the vector diagram comprising the vectors v0, v2 and vc, in Fig. 2.
    [0016] [0016] The roughing of an external toothing of a workpiece 20, using a conical roughing tool 10 is shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 3, again, the angle of intersection Σ, the cutting speed vc, the velocity vectors v0 on the periphery of the tool 10 and v2, on the periphery of the workpiece 20, as well as the tilt angle β0 of the tool 10 and the tilt angle β2 of the workpiece 20 are shown. Here, in contrast to figure 2, the angle of inclination β2 is different from zero. The tooth head of tool 10 is indicated by reference number 4 in figure 3. The tooth head is indicated by reference number 5 in figure 3. The two axes and rotation R1 and R2 do not intersect, but are arranged oblique one to the other. For a conical grinding tool 10, the calculation point AP is hitherto normally chosen as the joint plumb of the two rotation axes R1 and R2, since an inclination of the roughing tool 10 to provide final relief angles is not necessary . The AP calculation point coincides with the so-called contact point. The bearing circles of the equivalent helical generation gear come into contact with each other at this AP calculation point.
    [0017] [0017] When roughing, a tool 10 comes into application, which comprises at least one geometrically determined cutting edge. The cutting edge / cutting edges are not shown in Fig. 2A and Fig. 3.
    [0018] [0018] The tool itself is of great importance in thinning. In the example shown in figure 2, the grinding tool 10 is in the form of a cylindrical gear with straight teeth. The outer contour of the base body in figure 2 is cylindrical. However, it can also be tapered (also called tapered), as shown in figure 3. Due to the tooth or teeth of the roughing tool 10 being engaged along the entire length of the cutting edge, each tooth of the tool 10 requires an angle of sufficient final relief at the cutting edge.
    [0019] [0019] An example of a single cutting tooth 3 of a 10 tapered straight tooth grinding tool is shown in figure 4A. The following statements are also valid for helical toothing conical grinding tools 10. When starting with a conical grinding tool 10, it will then be obvious that the relief angle of the tooth head 4 (called the relief angle of the head) and on the tooth flank (called flank relief angle) result directly from the shape of the cutting tooth 3. When considering a displacement of the tooth chest 5 in an axial direction (that is, in the direction of R2), then the height of the profile , plummets regularly. That is, the cutting tooth 3 decreases more and more in the axial direction. In figure 4A, the tooth chest is in the lowest horizontal plane of the cutting tooth 3 and, therefore, is not visible. Figure 4B shows a section B-B of the cut tooth 3. In this section, the chest of tooth 5 can be recognized.
    [0020] [0020] When front grinding a conical grinding tool, the diameter of the front circle becomes smaller. Figure 4C shows a state after re-grinding in a schematic representation. The original shape of the cutting tooth 3 is characterized by the tooth chest 5 and the tooth head 4. The shape of the cutting tooth 3 after re-grinding is characterized by the tooth chest 5 'and the tooth head 4'. The machine settings have to be adapted after re-grinding, due to the torque resulting from the diameter for the head circle.
    [0021] [0021] When starting with a cylindrical grinding tool 10 with straight or helical teeth, we can recognize that this grinding tool 10 does not have the so-called constructional relief angles, neither in the head nor in the flanks. If such a cylindrical grinding tool 10 were fixed in a conventional manner, there would be no relief angle. Kinematic relief angles can be generated by an angle of the grinding tool 10. In practice, the angle of the grinding tool 10 is obtained by an eccentric fixation of the grinding tool 10 on the machine, thus causing a deviation of the cutting face from the point of intersection of axes (called the cutting face offset). The contact point of the rolling circles of the tool 10 and the workpiece 20 no longer lies on the joint plumb of the rotation axes R1 and R2. The more the roughing tool 10 is tilted, the greater the effective relief angles become.
    [0022] [0022] In summary, it turns out that the times and life of the known grinding tools 10 are partially unsatisfactory. If one of the cutting teeth 3 is excessively worn or even damaged by an improper relative movement of the grinding tool 10 in relation to the workpiece 20, then the manufacturing process must be interrupted and the grinding tool 10 must be replaced. These interruptions have a negative impact on productivity. In addition, tool costs increase if the grinding tool 10 has to be re-ground or even replaced.
    [0023] [0023] It is an objective of the invention to provide a tool for the milling machine of the tooth flanks of a toothed gear or other periodic structure, whose tool is robust and adaptable. Increasing tool life and reducing manufacturing costs by toothed gear or workpiece are a main objective of the invention.
    [0024] [0024] The proposed tool must be suitable for use in serial production, for example, in the automotive industry.
    [0025] [0025] In particular, it is an objective to keep the cost of tools as low as possible by increasing tool life.
    [0026] [0026] The objective is achieved, according to the present invention, by a tool, here called a grinding tool.
    [0027] [0027] Especially, a roughing tool to manufacture a periodic structure of symmetrical rotation on a workpiece by means of the roughing method is presented. The grinding tool comprises a base body comprising a central axis of rotation and a plurality z of receiving openings, where z is a positive integer. The grinding tool further comprises a plurality n of cutter bars, where n is a positive integer less than or equal to z. Each of the receiving openings has an elongated shape having a longitudinal axis, and all of the receiving openings are uniformly arranged around the central axis of rotation. The longitudinal axes of the receiving openings are generators of a hyperboloid of rotation, which is approximately symmetrical, central axis of rotation. In some of the embodiments, the longitudinal axes of the receiving openings are more separated in the area of the end piece of the base body than in a rear section of the base body closest to the machine.
    [0028] [0028] Preferably, the grinding tools according to the invention are described by a so-called intersection angle of longitudinal axes, which is in the range of -45 degrees to 45 degrees. Particularly preferred, this angle of intersection of longitudinal axes is in the range between - 40 degrees and 40 degrees.
    [0029] [0029] In another part of the embodiments, the longitudinal axes of the receiving openings are closer to each other in the end piece section of the base body than in the rear section of the base body closest to the machine.
    [0030] [0030] In a special case, all the longitudinal axes of the receiving openings can be parallel to each other and arranged concentrically around the central axis of rotation of the roughing tool.
    [0031] [0031] Depending on the embodiment, the base body can be formed of a cylindrical body and at least one in the shape of a cone trunk, where the truncated cone-shaped body is located on the side that faces the workpiece during mechanical thinning. The cylindrical body is preferably active in the rear section of the base body closest to the machine.
    [0032] [0032] Depending on the embodiment, however, the base body can also be formed from only one or more of a cone-shaped body.
    [0033] [0033] A truncated cone is a rotational body defined by a cover face on one side and a base on the opposite side. The cover face of the cone-shaped base body forms the front face of the end piece, and the base corresponds to the distribution and connection surface for connection with a tool spindle or for connection to an adapter, if present, or for connection to a cylindrical body, if present.
    [0034] [0034] In all embodiments, the longitudinal axes of the cutting bars serve as generators of the mentioned hyperboloid of rotation. The configuration of the cutting bars can thus be described by a hyperboloid of rotation or, in special cases, by a broken cone or a cylinder.
    [0035] [0035] Preferably, in the case of a constellation in the form of rotating hyperboloid or in the form of a truncated cone of the cut bars, directly adjacent receiving openings have, in the section of the final piece, a minimum distance, which is greater than the minimum distance in a rear area of the base body.
    [0036] [0036] In all embodiments, respectively directly adjacent receiving openings are separated from each other by material from the base body, where, preferably in the case of a constellation in the form of rotating hyperboloid or in the form of a truncated cone of the bars When cutting, the material between two receiving openings directly adjacent in the rear area of the base body has less material resistance than in the area of the final piece.
    [0037] [0037] Preferably, active front sections of the cutting bars protrude from the front or out of the truncated cone-shaped section of the roughing tool base body.
    [0038] [0038] The roughing tools are designed particularly for roughing rotationally symmetrical periodic structures on workpieces, as described below. The corresponding roughing method refers to and a continuous cutting method. As the name roughing indicates, a method of scrolling is presented. To be precise, a method of continuous rolling dentition is presented.
    [0039] [0039] In the roughing tools according to the invention, the chip surfaces of the cutting edges can be arranged in parallel planes and, in special chaos. In most cases, the burr surfaces lie on a cone surface (also called a cone reference surface), by bundling the line from which they can be angled again, naturally, to improve the local chiseling situation relative to to this cone reference surface.
    [0040] [0040] The grinding tools according to the invention have a so-called constructive relief angle. That is, the relief angle is provided based on the geometry of the roughing tool.
    [0041] [0041] The invention is preferably applied to components, which have a so-called interference fit contour (for example, a collision flank) and which, therefore, cannot be manufactured with a milling method in most of the cases.
    [0042] [0042] The grinding tools according to the invention can be used both in dry and wet machining.
    [0043] [0043] The spectrum of application of thinning is large and extends to the manufacture of periodically rotationally symmetrical structures. By using the described and claimed grinding tool, it is not only possible to manufacture dentings capable of milling, but also, for example, other periodically repetitive structures can be manufactured, not capable of milling. The described and claimed mechanical roughing can be applied, for example, also to the manufacture of products that have been manufactured until now by gear modeling.
    [0044] [0044] The claimed grinding tools enable high material cutting rates. At the same time, favorable surface structures can be obtained on tooth flanks and other machined surfaces. The machining traces pass obliquely through the machined surfaces, which can enable a low noise level during operation, for example, in transmission gear elements.
    [0045] [0045] When roughing using a claimed grinding tool, material is cut continuously over the workpiece, until the teeth or other periodic structures are completely formed.
    [0046] [0046] Grinding by the use of a claimed grinding tool represents a high performance method, which has significant potential in machine time. In addition to short cycle times, tool costs are relatively low. All of these aspects contribute to the particular cost effectiveness of thinning with the use of such thinning tools. FIGURES
    [0047] [0047] Other details and advantages of the invention are described below, based on examples of embodiments and with reference to the drawings: Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a shaping gear having a cylindrical outer contour in engagement with an externally toothed workpiece during shaping the gear; Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a straight teeth grinding wheel having a cylindrical outer contour in engagement with an externally toothed workpiece during mechanical roughing; Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a helically toothed grinding wheel having a conical external contour in engagement with an externally toothed workpiece during mechanical roughing; Fig. 4A shows a schematic perspective view of a single cutting tooth of a grinding wheel having a conical external contour; Fig. 4B shows a sectional view along the BB line, sectioning the cutting tooth of Fig. 4A; Fig. 4C shows a sectional view along the BB line, sectioning the cutting tooth of figure 4A after the cutting tooth has been re-ground by the tooth chest; Fig. 5A shows a rotating hyperboloid in perspective view; Fig. 5B shows a double cone in a perspective view; Fig. 5C shows a cylinder in perspective view; Fig. 6A shows an embodiment of a grinding tool in a perspective view obliquely from above, where the cutting bars are arranged in the constellation of a rotating hyperboloid that tapers towards the rear; Fig. 6B shows an embodiment of a grinding tool in an oblique perspective view from above, where the cutting bars are arranged in the constellation of a rotation hyperboloid in the waist section; Fig. 6C shows an embodiment of a grinding tool in an oblique perspective view from above, where the cutting bars are arranged in the constellation of a rotating hyperboloid that tapers forward; Fig. 6D shows an embodiment of a grinding tool in an oblique perspective view from above, where the cutting bars are arranged in the constellation of a degenerated rotation hyperboloid for a cone, where the cone tapers forward; Fig. 6F shows an embodiment of a grinding tool in an oblique perspective view from above, where the cutting bars are arranged in the constellation of a degenerated rotating hyperboloid for a cylinder; Fig. 7 shows geometric correlations with the spatial position of the longitudinal axes of the cut bars, respectively, the receiving openings for the cut bars; Fig. 8A shows an embodiment of a grinding tool in a perspective view; Fig. 8B shows an embodiment of a grinding tool of figure 8A in a perspective view; Fig. 8C shows an embodiment of a grinding tool of figure 8A in an exploded side view; Fig. 9 shows a schematic side view of the base body comprising a cutter bar; Fig. 10 shows a spatial arrangement of the cutting bars in an embodiment of the grinding tool together with mounting means in a perspective view; Fig. 11 shows a spatial arrangement of the cutting bars in an embodiment of the grinding tool in a perspective view; Fig. 12A shows a cylindrical arrangement of the cutting bars in a perspective view; Fig. 12b shows a cylindrical arrangement of the cutting bars of Fig. 12A in a side view; Fig. 13A shows a tapered arrangement of the cutting bars in a perspective view; Fig. 13B shows the conical arrangement of the cut bars of figure 13A in a side view; Fig. 13C shows the corresponding base body of the conical arrangement of figure 13A in a side cross-sectional view with a cutter bar in a cross-section; Fig. 14A shows a hyperboloid-shaped arrangement with slanted cut bars in a perspective view; Fig. 14B shows a hyperboloid-shaped arrangement with slanted cut bars of Fig. 14A in a side view; Fig. 14C shows a cutter bar before and after tilting in a schematic side view; Fig. 15 shows an exemplary embodiment of a cutting bar having cutting edges and burr surfaces in a schematic perspective view; Fig. 16 shows an exemplary mantle shape of a base body together with the mantle shape of a cutter bar configuration and a single cutter bar in a side view; and Fig. 17 shows another exemplary mantle shape together with the mantle shape of a cutter bar configuration and a single cutter bar in a side view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0048] [0048] In the context of the present description, terms used here are also found in important publications and patents. It is notorious, however, that the use of these terms is merely for a better understanding. The inventive idea and the scope of protection of the claims should not be limited by the interpretation made of them through the specific choice of terms. The invention can be transferred without major difficulties to other terminological systems and / or technical areas. In other technical areas the terms must be applied analogously.
    [0049] [0049] Periodically rotationally symmetrical structures are, for example, gear wheels having internal and / or external indentations. However, for example, reference can be made to brake discs, clutches or gear transmission elements, etc. The grinding tools are particularly suitable for the manufacture of pinion shafts, helical gears, ring gears, gear pumps, ring joint hubs (ring joints are used in the automotive industry to transfer the force of a differential gear to the vehicle wheel), splined axial connections, sliding sleeves, belt pulleys, etc. Periodic structures are also referred to here as periodic repetition structures.
    [0050] [0050] Next, first, mention is made of gears, teeth and gaps between teeth. However, as mentioned above, the invention can also be transferred to other parts of construction with periodic structures. In this case, these other construction parts do not comprise teeth, but, for example, grooves or channels.
    [0051] [0051] Hereinafter, the term "rotating hyperboloid" is used. A Hy rotating hyperboloid (also called rotating hyperboloid), as shown in figure 5A, is a special case of a single-shell hyperboloid. A rotation hyperboloid Hy is a second order surface generated by the rotation of a straight line (also called a generator) around a straight line (axis of rotation) that is inclined with respect to it. In figure 5A, the axis of rotation coincides with the z axis. The term “the generator of a single hyperboloid of rotation Hy” should be understood as referring to a straight line, whose rotation generates the hyperboloid of rotation of single shell Hy. Preferably, the reference surface for the arrangement of the cutting axes of the cutting bars 120 of the grinding tools 100 according to the invention refer to a rotating hyperboloid Hy.
    [0052] [0052] If the straight generating line intersects the axis of rotation (here: the x axis), then the hyperboloid of rotation Hy degenerates into a double cone Dk, as shown in figure 5B.
    [0053] [0053] If the generating line is parallel to the axis of rotation (here: the z axis), then the hyperboloid of rotation Hy degenerates into a cylinder Zy, as shown in figure 5C,
    [0054] [0054] For all embodiments of the roughing tool 100, the longitudinal axes of the receiving openings 100, respectively, the cutting axes of the cutting bars 120, always form generators of a hyperboloid of rotation Hy. Thus, we can say that the longitudinal axes represent the generators. Of the invention, a corresponding z-number of receiving openings 111 is uniformly distributed around the axis of rotation.
    [0055] - uma boa capacidade de reesmerilhamento das barras de corte 120 seja obtida (ângulo de inclinação, respectivamente, ângulo de hélice alfaH); - liberdade de colisão com eixos de barras de corte tanto quanto possível é obtida, por meio do que a capacidade de reesmerilhamento das barras de corte 120 tem que ser levadas em consideração (ângulo de cone alfaC, aqui chamado αC). [0055] In the tool design, the generator is chosen so that - a good resharpening ability of the cutting bars 120 is obtained (angle of inclination, respectively, helix angle alfaH); - freedom of collision with cutting bar axes as much as possible is obtained, whereby the resharpening ability of the cutting bars 120 has to be taken into account (cone angle alphaC, here called αC).
    [0056] [0056] Several examples for possible constellations of cut bars 120 are shown in figures 6A-6F. These examples can be applied in the different embodiments of the invention. The numerical data given below should be taken as examples only.
    [0057] [0057] Figure 6A shows an embodiment of a grinding tool 100 in an obliquely top perspective view, where the cutting bars 120 are arranged in a constellation of a rotating hyperboloid, which tapers backwards (ie , towards the machine). Here, a corresponding grinding tool 100 comprises 17 cutting bars, that is, z = 17. The following angles define this embodiment: alphaA = 4.5 degrees (here also called αA), alpha H = 8.8 degrees (also called αH), alpha C = 20 degrees (also called αC). The axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation R1 of tool 100.
    [0058] [0058] Figure 6B shows an embodiment of a grinding tool 100 in an obliquely top perspective view, where the cut bars 100 are arranged in the constellation of a rotating hyperboloid in the waist area. Here, a corresponding grinding tool 100 with 17 cutting bars, that is, z = 17. The following angles define this embodiment: alphaA = 4.5 degrees; alpha H = 8.8 degrees; alpha C = 0 degree. The axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation R1 of tool 100.
    [0059] [0059] Figure 6C shows an embodiment of a grinding tool 100 in an obliquely top perspective view, where the cutting bars 120 are arranged in a constellation of a rotating hyperboloid that tapers forward (ie , towards the workpiece). Here, a corresponding grinding tool 100 comprises 17 cutting bars, that is, z = 17. The following angles define this embodiment: alphaA = 4.5 degrees; alpha H = 8.8 degrees; alpha C = -20 degrees. The axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation R1 of tool 100.
    [0060] [0060] Figure 6D shows an embodiment of a grinding tool 100 in an obliquely top perspective view, where the cutting bars 120 are arranged in a constellation of a degenerated rotation hyperboloid for a cone and where the cone is tapers backwards (that is, in the machine direction). Here, a corresponding grinding tool 100 comprises 17 cutting bars, that is, z = 17. The following angles define this embodiment: alphaA = 0 degree; alpha H = 0 degree; alpha C = 17.8 degrees. The axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation R1 of tool 100.
    [0061] [0061] Figure 6E shows an embodiment of a grinding tool 100 in an obliquely top perspective view, where the cutting bars 120 are arranged in a constellation of a degenerated rotation hyperboloid for a cone and where the cone is tapers forward (that is, in the direction of the workpiece). Here, a corresponding grinding tool 100 comprises 17 cutting bars, that is, z = 17. The following angles define this embodiment: alphaA = 0 degree; alpha H = 0 degree; alpha C = 17.8 degrees. The axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation R1 of tool 100.
    [0062] [0062] Figure 6F shows an embodiment of a grinding tool 100 in an obliquely top perspective view, where the cutting bars 120 are arranged in a constellation of a degenerate rotating hyperboloid for a cylinder. Here, a corresponding grinding tool 100 comprises 17 cutting bars, that is, z = 17. The following angles define this embodiment: alphaA = 0 degree; alpha H = 0 degree; alpha C = 0 degree. The rotation axis coincides with the rotation axis R1 of the roughing tool 100.
    [0063] [0063] Figure 7 shows geometric correlations of the spatial position, the longitudinal axes LB of the cutting bars 120, respectively, the longitudinal axes LA of the receiving openings 111 for the cutting bars 120.
    [0064] [0064] For the definition of the alphaC and alphaH angles, a BP reference point on the Hy rotation hyperboloid generator is required. The reason is that the alphaC and alphaH angles vary when the point considered moves along the generator.
    [0065] - Na desbastação, há respectivos círculos de rolagem para a peça de trabalho 20 e a ferramenta de desbastar 100. O círculo de rolagem WK da ferramenta de desbastar 100 tendo o raio r0 pode ser considerado como o círculo de referência , conforme mostrado na figura 7. - O círculo de referência jaz em um plano, que deve se chamado plano de referência aqui. - O ponto de referência BP para um eixo longitudinal LA é o ponto de perfuração do eixo longitudinal LA através do me plano de referência. O ponto de referência BP jaz sobre o círculo de referência, respectivamente, sobre o círculo de referência WK. - O plano de referência divide o espaço tridimensional em duas metades. O meio espaço de referência deve ser o lateral, no qual a ferramenta de desbastar 100 se estende substancialmente. Ou seja, as aberturas receptoras 111 para os eixos de corte das barras de corte 120 deverão ser arranjados neste meio espaço de referência. Entretanto, eles podem se projetar para o outro meio espaço. [0065] In the following considerations, the following system is applied as the reference system: - When roughing, there are respective scroll circles for workpiece 20 and the roughing tool 100. The rolling circle WK of the roughing tool 100 with radius r0 can be considered as the reference circle, as shown in figure 7 . - The reference circle lies on a plane, which should be called the reference plane here. - The BP reference point for a longitudinal axis LA is the drilling point of the longitudinal axis LA through the reference plane. The BP reference point lies on the reference circle, respectively, on the reference circle WK. - The reference plane divides the three-dimensional space into two halves. The reference half-way must be the side, in which the grinding tool 100 extends substantially. That is, the receiving openings 111 for the cutting axes of the cutting bars 120 should be arranged in this reference space. However, they can project themselves into the other medium.
    [0066] - O ponto de referência BP e o eixo de rotação R1 da ferramenta 100 definem um plano, que é chamado plano de definição de ângulo de cone aqui; - Uma linha reta paralela R1P pode ser traçada através do ponto de referência BP paralela ao eixo de rotação R1 da ferramenta 100, cuja linha reta é chamada de linha reta de referência R1P; - No ponto de referência BP, uma tangente TG pode ser traçada sobre o círculo de referência, respectivamente, sobre o círculo de rolagem WK, cuja tangente jaz no plano de referência. [0066] Now, an orthogonal reference system is applied, as shown in figure 7. The orthogonal reference system is adjusted to the BP reference point and is defined as follows: - The reference point BP and the rotation axis R1 of tool 100 define a plane, which is called the cone angle definition plane here; - A parallel straight line R1P can be drawn through the reference point BP parallel to the rotation axis R1 of the tool 100, whose straight line is called the reference straight line R1P; - At the BP reference point, a tangent TG can be drawn over the reference circle, respectively, over the scroll circle WK, whose tangent lies in the reference plane.
    [0067] - O plano de definição de ângulo de hélice e o plano de definição de ângulo de cone são perpendiculares entre si. [0067] The tangent TG together with the reference straight line T1P covers a plane, which should be called the propeller angle definition plane. - The propeller angle definition plane and the cone angle definition plane are perpendicular to each other.
    [0068] - O ângulo de cone alfaC é definido como o ângulo, capaz de portar um sinal, entre o eixo longitudinal LAP1 projetado para o plano de definição de ângulo de cone e a linha reta de referência R1P, por meio de enfeixamento de linha do que o ângulo de cone alfaC é positivo, se o eixo de rotação projetado LAP1 intersectar o eixo de rotação R1 no meio espaço de referência. - O ângulo de hélice alfaH é o ângulo, capaz de portar um sinal, entre o eixo longitudinal LAP2 projetado para o plano de definição de ângulo de hélice e a linha reta de referência R1P. O ângulo de hélice alfaH é positivo, se o eixo de rotação projetado LAP2 estiver subindo para a direita em relação ao eixo de rotação R1. [0068] In this system, the alphaC angle of the cone and the alphaH angle of the helix can now be defined as follows: - The cone angle alphaC is defined as the angle, capable of carrying a signal, between the longitudinal axis LAP1 designed for the plane of definition of the cone angle and the reference straight line R1P, by means of line bundling than the AlphaC cone angle is positive if the projected axis of rotation LAP1 intersects the axis of rotation R1 in the middle of the reference space. - The helix angle alfaH is the angle, capable of carrying a signal, between the longitudinal axis LAP2 designed for the plane of definition of the helix angle and the reference straight line R1P. The alphaH helix angle is positive if the projected axis of rotation LAP2 is rising to the right in relation to the axis of rotation R1.
    [0069] [0069] Based on the system described in relation to figure 7, a so-called intersection angle (γ) (gamma) of the longitudinal axis can be defined as follows: - The intersection angle (γ) (range) of longitudinal axes is the smaller of the two intersection angles included by the longitudinal axis LA and the axis of rotation R1. It can be defined, capable of carrying a signal, for certain alphaC and alphaH angles according to the following equation:
    [0070] [0070] According to the invention, the intersection angle (γ) (range) of the longitudinal axes is in the range between -45 degrees and 45 degrees. Particularly preferred, the intersection angle (γ) (gamma) of the longitudinal axes is in the range between -40 degrees and 40 degrees.
    [0071] [0071] In figures 8A-8C, a preferred embodiment of a grinding tool 100 is shown in different views. In addition, basic aspects of the roughing tool 100 are described based on these drawings.
    [0072] [0072] The grinding tool 100 is designed particularly for the manufacture of a periodically rotationally symmetrical structure on a workpiece 20 (for example, in a constellation as shown in figure 2) with the application of a mechanical grinding method. The grinding tool 100 comprises a cylindrical and / or cone-shaped base body 110 comprising a central axis of rotation R1. The base body 110 has a plurality z of receiving openings 111, where z is an integer greater than zero. In figures 8A-8C, a configuration is shown in which all the receiving openings 111 are individually equipped with a cutter bar 120. The following is true of the example shown: z-n-23. The number n describes the number of cut bars 120, where n is an integer greater than zero and less than or equal to z.
    [0073] [0073] In the special case z = n, all r abtrs 111 are equipped with cut bars 120. If n <z, then only a part of the receiving openings 111 is equipped with cut bars 120.
    [0074] [0074] Based on figure 8C, it can be recognized indicatively that each of the receiving receptacles 111 has an elongated shape with a longitudinal axis LA. In figure 8C, a receiving opening 111 is indicated by a dotted line. The longitudinal axis of this receiving opening 111 is also shown. It can be recognized that this single receiving opening 111 extends from the insert opening 114 on the front surface 112 on the side of the workpiece obliquely into the base body 110.
    [0075] [0075] Preferably, in all embodiments, the so-called front sections of the cutting bars 120 project radially angled out of the base body 110 of the roughing tool 100 on the front face or in the cone-shaped section truncated. The active front section of the cutting bars 120 with the tooth chest 125 and the cutting edges, which are formed by two edges of the cutting bars 120. It should be noted that, here, the cutting bars 120 are shown in these drawings without a concrete cutting edge geometry. The cutter bars 120 are preferably fixed in the receiving openings 111 so that they protrude, at least partially, radially, so as to be able to plunge through the gaps on the collision-free workpiece 20.
    [0076] [0076] The active front section of the cutting bars 120 protrudes, preferably, at least a few millimeters out of the base body 110. In all embodiments, the cutting bars 120 have to protrude by a few millimeters, which depends on the dentition module on the workpiece 20 and the chosen kinematics. That is, the spacing is greater than the height of the teeth, plus a value for adaptation to the kinematics, plus a safety value.
    [0077] [0077] In figure 9, the mantle shape of the base body 110 is shown in a schematic side view. Here, the base body is equipped with only a cutting bar 120. The particular portion of the cutting bar 120, which is visible due to projecting from the front surface 112 on the side of the workpiece, respectively, from the tapered section of the end piece 118 of the base body 110, is shown with a continuous line. The invisible portion of the cutter bar 120, that is, the particular portion, which lies within the base body 110 in a corresponding receiving opening 111, is shown by means of a dotted line. Inside the base body 110, the receiving opening has a shape that approximately corresponds to the shape of the non-visible part of the cutter bar 120.
    [0078] [0078] Preferably, in all embodiments, the receiving openings 111 are implemented in addition to the cutting bars 120. If the cutting bars 120 have an axis with a rectangular cross section, as is the case, for example, in the Figures 8A-8C, then, also the receiving openings 111 will preferably have a rectangular cross section. If the cutting bars 120 have an axis with a square cross section, as is the case, for example, in figures 14A-14C, then also the receiving openings 111 will preferably have a square cross section.
    [0079] [0079] Depending on the embodiment, the receiving openings 111 can be implemented as blind holes, which extend from the final piece 118 of the base body 110 into the interior of the base body 110. However, the receiving openings 111 can also be implemented as well as through perforations with openings both in the area of the final piece 118, as well as in the rear section 113. In the drawings, only receiving openings that are implemented and through perforations are shown, respectively.
    [0080] [0080] According to the interconnection area, the receiving openings 111 are preferably inclined in relation to the central axis of rotation R1, whereby, at the end, the position of the receiving openings 111 will depend on the kinematics and the angle inclination of the components. To be more precise, it can be noted that the longitudinal axes LA of the receiving openings 111 preferably extend obliquely with respect to the central axis of rotation R1 and serve as straight lines generating a hyperboloid of rotation. This aspect can be recognized particularly well in figures 8C, 9, 10, 11 and 14A-14C. In figure 8C, the longitudinal axis LB of a cutting bar 120 is shown on the left hand side, in the upper section of the drawing. In figure 9 the longitudinal axis LB of a cutting bar 1200 is also shown. Another longitudinal axis LB of a cutting bar 120 is shown in figure 11.
    [0081] [0081] In all embodiments, the receiving openings 111 are arranged on the base body 110 uniformly around the central axis of rotation R1.
    [0082] [0082] In the embodiment shown in figures 8A-8C and figure 9, the longitudinal axes LA of the receiving openings 111 lie more distant in the end piece section 118 of the base body 110 than in the rear section 113 of the base body 110.
    [0083] [0083] In the case of the embodiments of figures 8A-8C and figure 9, the respective receiving openings 111 directly adjacent have a minimum distance AS1, preferably in the section of the final piece 118, whose [minimum distance] is greater than the distance minimum AS2 in the rear section 113 of the base body 110, as shown in figure 8C.
    [0084] [0084] In all embodiments, the respective receiving openings 111 directly adjacent are separated from each other by material (preferably a metal) of the base body 110. IN the case of the embodiments of figures 8A-8C and figure 9 , the material between two receiving openings 111 directly adjacent in the rear section 113 of the base body 110 has less material resistance than in the section of the final piece 118. Sterilizing aspect cannot be recognized in the drawings, however, due to the arrangement of the cutting bars 120 and the constructional shape of the base body 110 of these embodiments.
    [0085] [0085] However, the longitudinal axes LA of the receiving openings 111, respectively, the longitudinal axes LB of the cutting bars 120 can also be arranged according to the other constellations shown in figures 6A-6F. Preferably, in all embodiments, the receiving openings 111 have a spatial arrangement, in which the longitudinal axes LA are the generators of one and the same hyperboloid of rotation, respectively, their degenerators, as explained with reference to figures 6A- 6F.
    [0086] [0086] Additionally, the cutting axes of the cutting bar 120 can optionally also be rotated around their longitudinal axes LB, which is expressed by the angle alphaA of the rotation axis. In relation to figures 6A-6F, these angles have already been explained based on the examples of concrete numerical data.
    [0087] [0087] Preferably, in all embodiments, the grinding tool 100 is characterized by the fact that the receiving openings are rotated slightly around the alphaA angle value of the rotation axis, in order to accommodate the cutting bars 120 in the base body 110 without collisions.
    [0088] [0088] The described implementation of the arrangement, as shown in figures 8A-8C, 9, 10, 11, 14A-14C, results in the most favorable grinding conditions being obtained by grinding the cut bars 120 on the tooth chest 125 That is, because of this, it is that the cutting bars 120 can actually be re-ground in a grinding machine.
    [0089] [0089] In the following paragraphs, further details of the invention are described, where these details can be applied in different embodiments as needed.
    [0090] [0090] In figures 8A-8C. it is shown that the roughing tool 100 may comprise an adapter 130 in addition to the base body 110. Adapter 130 is designed to be suitable for connecting the roughing tool 100 to the tool spindle (not shown) of a cutting machine grinding mechanics (not shown). Preferably, the tool spindle penetrates, with a punch-type end piece from the back, into a central hole 131 of the adapter 130, which can be seen in figure 8B. For example, a screw 116 can be tightened through a corresponding central hole 115 of the base body 110 on the side of the workpiece to an internal thread of the tool spindle, in order to secure the grinding tool 100 to the tool spindle. .
    [0091] [0091] Alternatively or in addition, adapter 130 can be laid flat on a tool spindle surface and be fixed to the tool spindle by using screws 132. in figure 8B, eight of these screws 132 are shown in total.
    [0092] [0092] Alternatively or additionally, the screw 116 can serve to fix the base body 110 to the adapter 130, while the screws 132 serve to fix the adapter 130 to the tool spindle. This embodiment, by the way, shown in figures 8A-8C, is preferred.
    [0093] [0093] Preferably, in all embodiments, an anti-twist protection is conceivable on the base body 110, respectively, on the adapter 130 (see figure 8B), so that the base body 110 can be securely fixed fitting to adapter 130.
    [0094] [0094] Alternatively or additionally, the adapter 130 may comprise, on its rear side 132, means for tightly connecting the grinding tool 100 to the tool spindle. For example, grooves extending radially can serve as a means 133 for the tight connection, as shown in figure 8B.
    [0095] [0095] Preferably, in all embodiments, the grinding tool 100 is characterized by the fact that, for cutting bar 120, one or two through perforations 117 are designed on the mantle surface of the base body 110. These through drill holes 117 are designed to fix cutting bars 120 on the base body 110. They are also designed to fix cutting bars 120 on the base body 110. Preferably, in all embodiments, for each through hole 117, means fastening 140 are applied, comprising a combination consisting of a threaded pin 141, a compression spring 142 and a compression piece 143. Several of these fastening means 140 are shown in figure 10, in a type of exploded view. After inserting a cutting bar 120 in the corresponding receiving opening 111 of the base body 110, a compression piece 143, a compression spring 142 and a threaded pin 141 are inserted in the corresponding through perforation 117. by tightening the threaded pin 142 , a compression is exerted on the cutter bar 120 via the compression spring 142 and the compression piece 143, so as to press it fixedly against at least one surface of the corresponding receiving openings 111, so as to thus fix the position of the cutter bar 120 on the base body 110.
    [0096] [0096] Preferably, the final piece 118 of the roughing tool 100 is complemented conically, as can be seen in figures 8A-8C, 9. The conical implementation of the final piece 118 prevents a collision with the workpiece 20 resulting.
    [0097] [0097] Preferably, in all embodiments, the grinding tool 100 has a mantle shape, composed of a cylindrical portion 150 and a cone-shaped portion 160, as shown, for example, in the schematic representation of the figure 16. The position of the cutting bars 120 is also indicated in figure 16 by a truncated cone-shaped mantle surface 102. This cone-shaped mantle surface 102 simply describes a preferred constellation of the cutting bars 120 This constellation corresponds to the constellations shown in figures 8A-8C and figure 9. It is interesting to note that, in these embodiments, the conical portion 160 of the base body 110 is directed opposite to the truncated cone-shaped mantle surface 102.
    [0098] [0098] The truncated cone is a rotational body defined by a cover on one side and a base on the opposite side. The cover of the truncated cone-shaped base body 160 corresponds to the front face 112 of the end piece 118, and the base corresponds to the connection surface, ie it corresponds to the section, called the rear side section 113 here, for connection with the tool spindle or for connection with an adapter 130.
    [0099] [0099] However, in all embodiments, the grinding tool 100 can also have a mantle shape, which is composed of one or more sections in the form of a truncated cone 160, 161, respectively, truncated cones 160, 161, as shown in the schematic representation in figure 17. In figure 17, the position of the cut bars 120 is again represented by a truncated cone-shaped mantle surface 102. This truncated cone-shaped mantle surface 102 simply describes , the constellation of the cut bars 120 in this embodiment.
    [0100] [00100] In another embodiment, however, the grinding tool 100 can be composed of two cylindrical elements.
    [0101] [00101] The arrangements shown in figures 16 and 17 can be applied to all modes of realization and constellation of the cut bars 120.
    [0102] [00102] Figures 10 and 11 show other possible spatial arrangements of cutting bars 120 without showing the remaining elements of the corresponding grinding tools 100. In figure 11, several auxiliary lines are outlined on one of the cutting bars 120, to allow better description of the position and orientation of the cutter bars 120. Preferably, in all embodiments, the longitudinal axes LB of the cutter bars 120 coincide with the longitudinal axes LA of the receiving openings 111, which is indicated, for example, in figure 9 by LA = LB.
    [0103] [00103] The longitudinal axis LB of a cutting bar 120 passes through the point of intersection of the diagonals of the entire front section of the cutting bar 120. In figure 11, two diagonals and their point of intersection are shown on the tooth chest 125 Here, the tooth chest 125 has a rectangular shape and is defined by the edges a, b, c, d. Edges a, c, as well as edges b, d, respectively, lie opposite each other and run in parallel with each other. The following is true for a cutting bar 120 having a rectangular shape: a = c and b = d, where a ≠ b. The following is true for a cutting bar 120 having a square front section: a = b = c = d.
    [0104] [00104] The spatial arrangement of the cut bars 120 is explained further based on a series of drawings shown in figures 12A to 14C. In these drawings, the cut bars 120 are shown by way of example, having a square cross section with a = b = c = d. Here, the length LS of the cutting bars 120 reaches, for example, 60 mm. The number of cut bars 120 is n = 23 here.
    [0105] [00105] In figures 12A and 12B, a constellation with the following angles s is shown: alphaA = 0 degree, alfaH = 0 degree and alfaC = 0 degree. In this special case of a degenerate form of a hyperboloid of rotation, the longitudinal axes LB of the cutting bars 120 run parallel to the axis of rotation R1. This constellation can be described by two cylindrical surfaces ZY1, ZY2, shown in figure 12C. The edges a form secants on the outer cylindrical surface ZY1 and the edges c form secants on the inner cylindrical surface ZY2.
    [0106] [00106] In figures 13A and 13B, a constellation with the following angles is shown: alphaH = 0 degree to alphaC = 20 degrees. Another special case of a degenerated form of a rotating hyperboloid is presented. In this case, the longitudinal axes LB of the cutting bars 120 pass obliquely to the axis of rotation R1. The cutting bars 120 are angled here (that is, tapered), although not properly twisted, that is, the alpha torsion angle = 0 degree. This constellation can be described by two cone surfaces KE1, KE2, shown in figure 13C in a section representation. The edges form secants on the outer surface of cone KE1 and the edges form secants on the inner cone surface KE2. Due to the slope of the cutting bars 120. The two cone surfaces KE1, KE2 are slightly offset in relation to each other in the axial direction, as can be seen in figure 13C. In figure 13C, the position of a cutter bar 120 is shown in the section, whose longitudinal axis LB, together with the axis of rotation R1, are together in the drawing plane. A constellation, as shown in figures 13A and 13B, can be applied to all embodiments.
    [0107] [00107] In figures 14A and 14B, a particularly preferred constellation is shown with the following angles: alphaH = 10 degrees and alphaC = 20 degrees. The alpha torsion angle is different from zero degrees. In this case, the longitudinal axes LB of the cutter bars 120 run obliquely to the axis of rotation R1 and the cutter bars 120 are slightly twisted in them. This constellation can be described by a rotating hyperboloid here. The radii of these constellations are slightly larger than the special truncated cone-shaped case in figure 13C, due to the respective corners of a cutting bar 120 being twisted out even more than in figure 13C. in figure 13C, edges a, d located furthest away radially outward and at corners 124 (here defined by edges b, c) located furthest away radially inward.
    [0108] [00108] In figure 14C, the transformation is represented schematically by a cutting bar 120 that is only tilted (here, with alphaC = 20 degrees) (shown on the right hand side in figure 14C) in relation to a cutting bar 120 which is tilted and twisted (shown on the left hand side in figure 14C). Since the cutting bar 120 (shown on the right hand side in figure 14C) is tilted forward, we can recognize the tooth chest 125 with all four edges a, b, c, d in the front view.
    [0109] [00109] The slanted and twisted cutting bar 120 (shown on the left hand side in figure 14C) is described by the angles alfaA = 4.5 degrees, alfaH = 10 degrees and alfaC = 20 degrees.
    [0110] [00110] A constellation as shown in figures 14A and 14B can be applied in all embodiments and is particularly preferred.
    [0111] [00111] The cutting bars of the grinding tools 100 can be different, depending on the embodiments. They can, for example, run along the contour line of the tooth chest 125. in figure 15, the example of a cutting bar 120 having a concretely formed active zone AZ is shown. Here, the active zone AZ comprises a burr surface 129. Here, an example is given only, which shows how the tooth bracket 125 of a cutting bar 120 can be ground to provide the necessary edges and cutting surfaces.
    [0112] [00112] When front-grinding the cutting bars 120, the front circle diameter of the tool 100 would be smaller if the cutting bars 120 were attached after re-grinding, exactly as deeply in the receiving openings 110 as before before re-grinding. According to the invention, however, the cutting bars 120 are fixed less deeply in the receiving openings 111 after re-grinding, in order to compensate, in this way, the relocation of the tooth chest 125, respectively, the burr surfaces, front and back. relief 126-129, and keep the diameter of the frontal circle constant.
    [0113] [00113] Preferably, in all embodiments, the roughing tools 100 are characterized by the fact that the receiving openings 111 have a length parallel to the longitudinal axis LA, whose length reaches 50 or 100 mm. However, the actual length will depend on the module and, therefore, it can assume other values.
    [0114] [00114] In all embodiments, the mechanical grinding method with the grinding tool 100 shown can be applied dry or wet, whereby dry machining is preferred.
    [0115] [00115] In all embodiments, the workpiece 20 can be pre-toothed (for example, a coarse toothed workpiece) or it can be toothless. For a toothless workpiece, the grinding tool 100 works on all material (solid).
    [0116] [00116] In all embodiments, workpiece 20 can be finished by machining, preferably by applying a finishing method (planing).
    [0117] [00117] Preferably, the cutting bars 120 of the roughing tool 100 or at least the cutting edges of the cutting bars 120 are made of a hard material.



    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    Grinding tool (100) to produce a rotationally symmetrical periodic structure on a workpiece (20) using a grinding method, characterized by the fact that the grinding tool (100) comprises: - a base body (110) comprising a central axis of rotation (R1) and a plurality z of receiving openings (111), where z is a positive integer. - a plurality of n cutting bars (120), where n is a positive integer less than or equal to z; on what - each of the z receiving openings (111) has an elongated shape having a longitudinal axis (LA); - all receiving openings (111) are arranged uniformly around the central axis of rotation (R1) and - the longitudinal axes (LA) of the reception openings (111) are generators of a hyperboloid of rotation (Hy), which is arranged rotationally symmetrical to the central axis of rotation (R1).
    [0002]
    Grinding tool (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the base body (110) comprises at least one section in the form of a truncated cone (160, 161) and the opening of the receiving openings (111) to a conical area of the truncated cone-shaped section (160, 161).
    [0003]
    Grinding tool (100) according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the directly adjacent receiving openings (111) in the area of a front face (112) on the workpiece side of the base body (110 ) have a minimum distance (AS1), which is greater than a minimum distance (AS2) in a rear side area (113) of the base body (110).
    [0004]
    Grinding tool (100) according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the directly adjacent receiving openings (111) are separated from each other by material from the base body (110), wherein the material between two directly adjacent receiving openings (111) in a rear side area (113) of the base body (110) have a lower material resistance than in the area of a front face (112) of the base body (110) on one side of the workpiece.
    [0005]
    Grinding tool (100) according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the reception openings z (111) have a spatial arrangement, which corresponds to or is close to the shape of a rotating hyperboloid (Hy) or a degenerate rotation hyperboloid, in which the axis of rotation (R1) coincides with the central z-axis of the rotation hyperboloid (Hy).
    [0006]
    Grinding tool (100) according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the spatial arrangement of each longitudinal axis (LA) is described by an intersection angle (γ) of longitudinal axes, which is in the range of - 45 degrees and 45 degrees is particularly preferred in the range between -40 degrees and 40 degrees, where the angle of intersection (γ) of longitudinal axes between the longitudinal axis (LA) and the axis of rotation (R1).
    [0007]
    Grinding tool (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the base body (110) comprises, in addition to the truncated cone-shaped section (160, 161), a cylindrical body (150) and / or another truncated cone-shaped section (161).
    [0008]
    Grinding tool (100) according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that through the receiving opening (111), one or two through perforations (117) are provided in the base body (110), which (through perforations) extend from the outside to the inside and open to the respective reception openings (111).
    [0009]
    Grinding tool (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that through perforations (117), fastening means (140) comprising a threaded pin (141), a pressure spring (142) and a pressure piece (143) are present.
    [0010]
    Grinding tool (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises an adapter (130) designed to fix the grinding tool (100) to a tool spindle.
    [0011]
    Grinding tool (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the receiving openings (111) have a length parallel to the longitudinal axis (LA), which varies from 50 mm to 100 mm.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BR102012010684B1|2021-02-17|chopping tool
    BR102012023164B1|2021-02-17|method for roughing a first workpiece and a second workpiece, and, machine
    US10471527B2|2019-11-12|Skiving of cylindrical gears
    Stadtfeld2014|Power skiving of cylindrical gears on different machine platforms
    BR102012015222A2|2014-12-02|METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CHOPPING A WORK PIECE
    KR970064795A|1997-10-13|Method and apparatus for manufacturing undercut groove
    CN103386513B|2017-05-24|Milling tool
    CN105171141B|2019-12-17|Method and device for the frontal chamfering of gear teeth of a workpiece
    CN102725089B|2016-11-09|The continuation method of manufacture face gear
    US10239139B2|2019-03-26|Method for machining a set of teeth, tool arrangement, and tooth-cutting machine
    WO2008088264A1|2008-07-24|A rotatable multi-operation tool for chip removing machining, and a basic body therefor
    KR101905254B1|2018-10-05|Tangential ramping milling insert and high speed milling tool using such an insert
    WO2013076030A1|2013-05-30|Semi-completing skiving method with two intersection angles of axes and use of a corresponding skiving tool for semi-completing skiving
    CN107790759A|2018-03-13|For cutting element, cutting element and the cutting process of the trapezoidal nip that spiral extension is produced in the drum surface in hole
    JP3102889B2|2000-10-23|Improved integrated boring and threading tool and method
    CN206455445U|2017-09-01|Plug-in motorcutters
    EP1322448A2|2003-07-02|Method and apparatus for making a cutting tool having a flute
    BR112019013458A2|2019-12-31|method for rigid toothed gear finishing, particularly internally toothed portions and machine tool suitable for it
    CN205702577U|2016-11-23|Split module indexable drill
    US3473421A|1969-10-21|Countersinking and counterboring tool
    Tsai1977|DRILL GEOMETRY MODELS AND DYNAMICS OF DRILLING.
    Sengar et al.2014|Design & Fabrication of a Special Tool to Produce Square Hole
    US20200290133A1|2020-09-17|Rotatable tool for forming by metal cutting a circular groove
    US3693225A|1972-09-26|Rotary cutter for cutting teeth
    Achmad et al.2022|Analytical Method for Screw Rotor Cutting according to the Cutter Workpiece Engagement Model
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2520390B1|2018-01-24|
    EP2520391B1|2018-01-24|
    JP3181136U|2013-01-31|
    CN103501945B|2016-02-24|
    CN103501945A|2014-01-08|
    DE202011050054U1|2011-09-15|
    JP2014516808A|2014-07-17|
    BR102012010684A2|2014-01-14|
    CN103501946B|2016-08-31|
    US20120282055A1|2012-11-08|
    CN103501946A|2014-01-08|
    US8950301B2|2015-02-10|
    JP2014516807A|2014-07-17|
    US20140079498A1|2014-03-20|
    RU2012118251A|2013-11-10|
    CN202804384U|2013-03-20|
    WO2012152660A1|2012-11-15|
    JP6022549B2|2016-11-09|
    WO2012152659A1|2012-11-15|
    EP2520391A1|2012-11-07|
    JP6022550B2|2016-11-09|
    US20150158100A1|2015-06-11|
    US9527148B2|2016-12-27|
    EP2520390A1|2012-11-07|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE243514C|1910-03-01|1912-02-16|George Adams|METHOD OF CUTTING VAN GEARS USING A GEAR-LIKE CUTTING TOOL WITH CUTTING EDGES ON THE FACE SURFACES OF THE TEETH|
    US1634494A|1924-06-09|1927-07-05|Flinchbaugh Machine Company In|Cutter head|
    US1811568A|1927-11-21|1931-06-23|Oliver G Simmons|Method of generating gears|
    US2598327A|1946-06-19|1952-05-27|Gleason Works|Method and machine for cutting gears|
    DE1046445B|1953-01-24|1958-12-11|Karl Miller|Tool for the machining of toothed cylindrical surfaces using the rolling process|
    US2780146A|1954-01-18|1957-02-05|Illinois Tool Works|Gear shaving|
    DE1295317B|1963-11-23|1969-05-14|Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie|Process for the periodic separation of chips produced during turning|
    DE1242980B|1964-04-29|1967-06-22|Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen|Gear milling machine with axes of workpiece and tool that intersect in a projection|
    US3264940A|1964-06-05|1966-08-09|Wildhaber Ernest|Rotary gear-shaped tool|
    DE1527164A1|1965-10-01|1969-06-12|Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen|Gear hobbing machine|
    US3354528A|1966-02-21|1967-11-28|Neway Sales Inc|Valve seat cutter|
    DE1627379A1|1967-04-08|1970-05-14|Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen|Gear hobbing machine|
    US3509612A|1969-06-16|1970-05-05|Borite Mfg Corp|Milling cutter and blade assembly|
    US4066001A|1974-11-12|1978-01-03|Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho|Skiving cutter for use in cutting internal spur gear|
    US4060881A|1976-11-15|1977-12-06|The Gleason Works|Cutter head assembly for gear cutting machines|
    JPH01159127A|1987-12-14|1989-06-22|Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd|Emergent return on nc skiving machine|
    US5174699A|1989-05-17|1992-12-29|Hermann Pfauter Gmbh & Co.|Method for finishing gears via skiving|
    DE4122460C1|1991-07-06|1992-04-23|Praewema Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Gmbh, 3440 Eschwege, De|
    DE4132487C2|1991-09-30|1994-09-29|Werner Hermann Wera Werke|Beater knife milling machine and associated tool holder|
    DE4200418C1|1992-01-10|1992-12-24|Praewema Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Gmbh, 3440 Eschwege, De|
    DE4410743A1|1994-03-28|1995-10-05|Werner Hermann Wera Werke|Method and device for generating deposits on internally toothed workpieces|
    BR0010315A|1999-05-05|2003-07-08|Gleason Works|Method of Producing a Cutting Edge on a Two-Sided Ground Cutter|
    DE19953089A1|1999-11-04|2001-05-17|Daimler Chrysler Ag|Generation of periodic structures on rotationally symmetrical components|
    US6757949B2|2002-03-27|2004-07-06|New Venture Gear, Inc.|Combination gear hobber, chamfer/debur and shaver apparatus and method|
    JP2003306157A|2002-04-16|2003-10-28|Showa Corp|Machining method for variable gear part of variable gear ratio rack|
    DE10258549B4|2002-11-11|2016-08-25|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Method and device for deburring gears|
    DE10256222B4|2002-12-02|2005-05-12|Klingelnberg Gmbh|Machine and method with 7 axes for CNC-controlled machining, in particular hobbing or generating grinding, of spiral bevel gears|
    US7682222B2|2004-05-26|2010-03-23|The Gleason Works|Variable rate method of machining gears|
    DE102005043602B4|2005-09-12|2018-07-26|Reishauer Ag|Gear processing machine and method for operating such a gear processing machine|
    DE102005049528A1|2005-10-17|2007-05-10|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Method for producing sliding sleeves|
    US7736099B2|2005-12-16|2010-06-15|Cole Carbide Industries, Inc.|Gear milling tool with replaceable cutting inserts|
    DE102007015357A1|2007-03-30|2008-10-02|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Toothing device for fabricating inner or outer toothed gear wheels, where revs of tool spindle matches a multiple of the workpiece spindle|
    DE202007010461U1|2007-07-25|2008-12-04|Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh|processing machine|
    JP4659847B2|2008-02-29|2011-03-30|三菱電機株式会社|Screw rotor processing method and processing apparatus, and screw compressor manufacturing method|
    DE102008037514A1|2008-11-03|2010-05-06|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Skiving device and method|
    DE102009003338A1|2009-01-12|2010-07-15|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Device and method for cutting workpieces and associated tool set|
    DE102009003601A1|2009-03-11|2010-09-16|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Apparatus and method for manufacturing a bevel gear, in particular a crown wheel|
    DE102009018405A1|2009-04-22|2010-10-28|The Gleason Works|Method and device for eliminating a secondary burr on a front-toothed workpiece wheel|
    DE102009025945A1|2009-06-10|2010-12-16|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Apparatus and method for skiving internal gear teeth and associated peeling wheel|
    CN102470466B|2009-08-03|2014-11-12|格里森工场|Method and tool for manufaturing face gears|
    CN101733486B|2010-01-18|2012-09-19|天津大学|Method for machining cylindrical gear cutting teeth|
    EP2537615B1|2011-06-21|2014-11-26|Klingelnberg AG|Robust method for skiving|
    JP6212876B2|2013-02-15|2017-10-18|アイシン精機株式会社|Gear machining method and gear machining cutter|CN101686017B|2008-09-27|2012-06-06|比亚迪股份有限公司|Switching power supply|
    JP6006302B2|2011-05-26|2016-10-12|クリンゲルンベルク・アクチェンゲゼルシャフトＫｌｉｎｇｅｌｎｂｅｒｇ ＡＧ|External tooth skiving method and apparatus having skiving tool|
    EP2527072B8|2011-05-26|2018-05-23|Klingelnberg AG|Method for hob peeling external gears and device with hob peeling tool|
    EP2570217B1|2011-09-15|2014-11-05|Klingelnberg AG|Semi-completing skiving method and device with skiving tool for performing a semi-completing skiving method|
    EP2596893A1|2011-11-25|2013-05-29|Klingelnberg AG|Semi-completing skiving method with two axis intersection angles and use of a corresponding skiving tool for semi-completing skiving|
    EP2639001B1|2012-03-14|2017-06-28|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method for machining a workpiece|
    DE102012011956B3|2012-06-17|2013-12-12|Herbert Schriefer|Hob peeling tool for use in rolling peeling machine for hob peeling gearing, has cutting elements including sharpening area protruding from tool receiver, where area is located between maximum and minimum radial distances of edges|
    DE102012022439A1|2012-11-16|2014-05-22|Marcel Sobczyk|Method for determining the free surface contour of a Wälzschälwerkzeuges, Wälzschälwerkzeug and its use|
    JP6212876B2|2013-02-15|2017-10-18|アイシン精機株式会社|Gear machining method and gear machining cutter|
    JP2014161972A|2013-02-26|2014-09-08|Kashifuji:Kk|Skiving cutter and creating method of internal gear|
    EP2792442B1|2013-04-17|2018-08-22|Klingelnberg AG|Skiving tool for skiving teeth on a face gear|
    EP2988898B1|2013-04-22|2019-01-16|The Gleason Works|Skiving of cylindrical gears|
    MX2016003018A|2013-09-11|2016-06-10|Profilator Gmbh & Co Kg|Skiving method and corresponding device.|
    DE102013012797A1|2013-07-31|2015-02-19|Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh|Process for machining tooth edges and designed processing station|
    SE1350983A1|2013-08-27|2015-02-28|Sandvik Intellectual Property|Tools and cutters for shell milling|
    DE102013110130B4|2013-09-13|2015-10-01|Präwema Antriebstechnik GmbH|Tool, method and machine for generating a tooth profile on a workpiece by skiving|
    JP6275588B2|2013-12-25|2018-02-07|住友重機械工業株式会社|Planetary gear device and method for manufacturing the internal gear|
    EP2954967B1|2014-06-11|2019-08-07|Klingelnberg AG|Method and device for chamfering the front face of a toothing of a workpiece|
    DE102014218082B4|2014-09-10|2016-11-10|Felsomat Gmbh & Co. Kg|Device for hobbing machining of a workpiece for producing a chamfer and associated operating method|
    JP6458442B2|2014-10-20|2019-01-30|株式会社ジェイテクト|Gear processing equipment|
    DE102015106354A1|2014-12-16|2016-06-16|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Wälzschälverfahren and cutting tool for producing at least partially rounded tooth heads|
    CN104493305B|2014-12-30|2016-08-24|西安交通大学|A kind of skiving processing method adjusted based on gear cutting machine|
    JP6062971B2|2015-01-21|2017-01-18|ファナック株式会社|A numerical controller that controls machine tools based on skiving instructions|
    DE102015000908A1|2015-01-23|2016-07-28|Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh|Method and device for gear processing a workpiece by a diagonal rolling process|
    DE102015000975A1|2015-01-23|2016-07-28|Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh|Method for producing a workpiece with corrected tooth geometry and / or modified surface structure|
    DE102015000974A1|2015-01-23|2016-07-28|Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh|Method and device for gear processing a workpiece by a diagonal rolling process|
    DE102015000907A1|2015-01-23|2016-07-28|Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh|Method for tooth processing a workpiece by a diagonal rolling process|
    DE102015104500A1|2015-03-25|2016-09-29|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Method and device for gear cutting of gears by skiving|
    CN105149893A|2015-09-22|2015-12-16|兴城市粉末冶金有限公司|Machining method for inverted cone rolling machine tool|
    US10730123B2|2015-09-23|2020-08-04|The Gleason Works|Three-face blade compatibility|
    JP6622044B2|2015-09-28|2019-12-18|三菱重工工作機械株式会社|Gear processing machine and method|
    DE102015121523A1|2015-12-10|2017-06-14|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Device and method for roughing and fine machining of gears|
    JP6717678B2|2016-06-14|2020-07-01|豊精密工業株式会社|Spindle device|
    CN109641296B|2016-08-22|2021-01-15|格里森工场|Correction of the pressure angle of a power wiper tooth without changing the geometry of the tool|
    CN109803781B|2016-10-13|2021-10-01|株式会社捷太格特|Gear machining equipment and gear machining method|
    CH713065B1|2016-10-21|2020-11-30|Reishauer Ag|Tool for power skiving of pre-cut workpieces.|
    DE102017000260A1|2017-01-12|2018-07-12|Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh|METHOD FOR THE HARDWARE PROCESSING OF CUTTING, IN PARTICULAR INSIDE AND MACHINE TOOLS SUITABLE THEREOF|
    DE102017103115A1|2017-02-16|2018-08-16|Klingelnberg Ag|Method for laying out and machining a gear and corresponding machine and software|
    JP2018153914A|2017-03-15|2018-10-04|株式会社不二越|Skiving cutter|
    DE102017120788A1|2017-09-08|2019-03-14|Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh|Method and device for skiving|
    DE102018112865B3|2018-05-29|2019-10-17|Hartmetall-Werkzeugfabrik Paul Horn Gmbh|Wälzschälwerkzeug|
    CN110856879A|2018-08-22|2020-03-03|上海汽车变速器有限公司|System and method for precisely machining double-linkage teeth|
    JP2022514781A|2018-12-21|2022-02-15|ザ グリーソン ワークス|Independent pressure angle correction for power skiving|
    DE102019110481A1|2019-04-23|2020-10-29|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Method and device for producing toothed workpieces, in particular sliding sleeves|
    DE102019126669A1|2019-10-02|2021-04-08|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Method and device for smoothing the tooth flanks of the teeth of toothed workpieces|
    DE102019126870A1|2019-10-07|2021-04-08|Präwema Antriebstechnik GmbH|PELVING WHEEL AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A GEAR ON A GEAR BY PELLETING|
    DE102019135435A1|2019-12-20|2021-06-24|Hartmetall-Werkzeugfabrik Paul Horn Gmbh|Tool and method for machining a workpiece|
    DE102020103483A1|2020-02-11|2021-08-12|Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg|Device and method for power skiving and the tool that can be used for this|
    DE102020111838A1|2020-04-30|2021-11-04|Präwema Antriebstechnik GmbH|Method for machining the tip diameter and tool for creating a gear|
    CN111805008A|2020-06-19|2020-10-23|湖南中大创远数控装备有限公司|Numerical control spiral bevel gear milling machine|
    法律状态:
    2014-01-14| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-12-11| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-10| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-02-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 04/05/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    2022-03-03| B21F| Lapse acc. art. 78, item iv - on non-payment of the annual fees in time|Free format text: REFERENTE A 10A ANUIDADE. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE202011050054.3|2011-05-06|
    DE202011050054U|DE202011050054U1|2011-05-06|2011-05-06|Skiving tool with knife bars|
    [返回顶部]